Isebenza nguGaudí ngaphandle kweBarcelona

Las Imisebenzi kaGaudí (Reus, 1852-1926) zibekwe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kwi Barcelona. Hayi ngeze, wayengumCatalan kwaye wayehlala ubomi bakhe e-Barcelona. Ngaphezu koko, kuyo wazinikezela koko kwakuya kuba ngumsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ongekagqitywa: i Ukuphulukana neTempile yoSapho olungcwele.

Nangona kunjalo, uye wasishiya sisebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo España. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi yayiziikhomishini ezivela kwiintsapho ze-aristocratic zexesha labo, ezifana, ngokomzekelo, ukuba UMarquis waseComillas. Kodwa, kuzo zonke iimeko, bakhuphisana ngobuhle kunye nemvelaphi kunye nemisebenzi awayenzayo e-Barcelona. Ngaphandle kokuqhubeka, masikubonise Imisebenzi ephambili kaGaudí ngaphandle kweBarcelona. Kodwa okokuqala sifuna ukuthetha nawe malunga neempawu zesitayela sayo sokwakha.

UGaudí, umyili okrelekrele

Isimbo soyilo seCatalan si ngokupheleleyo yoqobo kwaye ingaqhelekanga. Ibandakanyiwe ngokubanzi kwi Ixesha langoku ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, kodwa iyodlula lee. Ngaphaya koko, kufuneka sithethe ngezitayile, kunokuba ibe nye, kuba indalo yayo yadlula amaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, luphawu jikelele kubo bonke ukuba ukulinganisa indalo. Ngale nto, asibhekiseli nje kubukho bemihombiso efanisa izityalo kwimisebenzi yakhe, kodwa nakwimilo ephilayo, egobileyo kunye nenemibala efana nayo. Ngokufanayo, i Ijometri isisiseko kwaye, ngokuchanekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kwe ukuhonjiswa okuninzi Sesinye isitshixo kwisimbo sakhe. Kwakhona ukukhanya kunye nombala Ziyimfuneko kwizakhiwo zikaGaudi. Dlala ngazo zombini ukudala izakhiwo zabo. Kwaye, kunye nabo, ukusebenza. Ulwakhiwo luneempawu ezahlukileyo ngokuxhomekeke kusetyenziso oluza kunikwa kulo.

Kwelinye icala, njengoko sanixelelayo, bayahlula izigaba ezahlukeneyo kumsebenzi kaGaudi. Oyena mntu wayebalasele kubo ngumyili wezakhiwo UJoan Bergos. Ngokutsho kwakhe, emva kwesigaba sokuqala sovavanyo, i-genius evela ku-Reus yadlula ixesha neomudejar ephefumlelwe yile ntshukumo ephakathi kwaye apho isebenzisa i-polychrome eninzi. Umzekelo woku nguwo Indlu yeVicens ukusuka eBarcelona.

Emva kwakhe, kuza i isigaba se-neogothic, apho isekelwe kwisimbo esibalaseleyo samaXesha Aphakathi, kodwa inika izinto ezintsha. Umzekelo omhle wayo ngu Inqaba yaseBellesguard. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka sibonise ukuba ezi zigaba zomsebenzi kaGaudí ziyadibana kwiimeko ezininzi kwaye iimpawu zomntu ngamnye zixutywe. Ngale ndlela, izinto zeGothic zikhona kuzo zonke izigaba zokudala zikaGaudí.

Emva koko, i-genius yaseCatalan yangena kwinqanaba i-expressionist yendalo I-Baroque iphefumlelwe. Imizekelo yoku Ipaki yeGuell okanye UCasa Batlló, nezihombiso zayo ezihonjisiweyo. Ekugqibeleni, kukho iqonga esinokulibiza organic synthesisEwe, njengoko besinixelele ngaphambili, idibanisa izinto zazo zonke ezidlulileyo. Owona mzekelo ubalaseleyo weli xesha yindalo yawo enkulu: i Sagrada Familia.

Emva kokuba sichaze iimpawu eziphambili zemisebenzi kaGaudí, ngoku sikwimeko yokuthetha nawe malunga nendalo yakhe ebalaseleyo ngaphandle kwesixeko saseBarcelona.

Imisebenzi ephambili kaGaudí ngaphandle kweBarcelona

Umakhi okrelekrele waseCatalan wasebenza ngaphandle kweBarcelona, ​​​​ingakumbi kumaphondo amabini aseSpain: León kunye neCantabria. Kwaye, ngaphakathi kwabo, kwiidolophu ezintathu: ikomkhulu leLeón ngokwayo kunye I-Astorga kwidolophu yokuqala kunye nentle Iimpawu zocaphulo kweyesibini. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko siza kubona, naye wakwenza kwiphondo elifanayo laseBarcelona.

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ezi zizakhiwo ezicacileyo ngaphakathi kweendlela zeGaudian ukuba, ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ziyimisebenzi yakhe, akuyi kuba nzima kuwe ukuba uziqonde. Masiye kubabona.

Indlu yeBooties

Entliziyweni ye León sifumana esi sakhiwo sihle, nesaziwa ngokuba Indlu kaFernandez noAndrés. Uya kuyifumana ecaleni kwebhotwe laseGuzmanes kwaye ecaleni kwePlaza de Santo Domingo, apho indawo endala yesixeko ivula ukwandiswa. Ukususela ngo-1969 kunjalo Isikhumbuzo sezeMbali soMdla kwezeNkcubeko.

Yakhiwe njengebhotwe, indlu yaseBotines yeyabo ixesha neogothic nguGaudi. Kodwa, njengoko besinixelele, uye wahambela phambili xa kufikelelwa ekutolikeni. Wakugqala njengokungafezekiyo waza wazama ukuphucula oko wayekugqala kuphosakele. Ngaloo ndlela, wasusa ii-buttresses, wabeka indawo elawulwayo kwaye wasusa i-crestings. Ngenxa yoko, esi sakhiwo sinemigca yesitayile kunye neenqaba ezincinci zokuhombisa eziphelweni zayo.

Ibhotwe le-Episcopal laseAstorga

Asilishiyi iphondo le León ukufumana enye yezona zinto zibalaseleyo zikaGaudí ngaphandle kweBarcelona. Ngaphaya koko, ikwangowe- isigaba se-neo-gothic yomakhi. UGaudí wafunda isiCatalan kunye neCastilian Gothic nzulu ukuze ayifunxe aze ayichaze ngokutsha ngemigangatho yakhe yokwakha.

Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ibhotwe le-episcopal liphinde likhawulwe ngaphandle njenge Nqaba ephakathi. Ineplani yomnqamlezo yamaGrike kunye neenqaba ezine zecylindrical kwiikona, kunye nomjelo ojikelezayo. Inqaba yokungena ime ngaphandle kwi-façade ephambili, emazantsi ayo kukho ii-arches ezintathu ezivuthayo ezenza igumbi lokuhlala elixhaswe zi-pendentives. Ukongeza, kumgangatho wesibini kunye nowesithathu kukho iifestile ezininzi zeglasi ezinemibala kwaye i-complex igqitywe ngeebhanti zesitayile seMudejar.

Ngapha koko, ukusukela ngo-1962, ibhotwe liye lahlala Imyuziyam yeeNdlela, leyo, njengoko igama layo libonisa, inikezelwe kuyo Indlela kaSantiago. Phakathi kweengqokelela zayo kukho iziqwenga ze-archaeological ezivela kumaRoma kunye namaxesha aphakathi. Kodwa ikwanezinto ezimangalisayo zegolide zenkolo kunye nemizobo yeRomanesque. Sikucebisa ukuba uyindwendwele. Ngaloo ndlela, uya kukwazi kwakhona ukubona ibhotwe ukusuka ngaphakathi, nto leyo engayi kuphazamisa ukubonakala kwayo kwangaphandle.

ICapricho yaseGaudí

Ngoku sihamba sisiya kwidolophu yaseCantabrian Iimpawu zocaphulo ukufumana owona msebenzi unomdla womakhi waseCatalan. Ayilolize, iye yabizwa ngokuba yiGaudí's Capricho ngenxa yeemilo zayo ezingafanelekanga. Kule meko, yayiyikomishini evela UMaximo Diaz, usibali ka UMarquis waseComillas. Lo ke, yayinguyisezala Eusebio Güell, omnye wabaxhasi abakhulu be-Reus genius.

Ngokubanzi, iCapricho yinxalenye ye Ixesha langoku ukususela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane edlulileyo. Kodwa, xa kufikwa kuGaudí, umsebenzi awunakuze ubekwe ngokucacileyo ngomlinganiswa wawo wokuqala. Enyanisweni, iyaphendula neomudejarkodwa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, iimpembelelo zasempuma. Ngenxa yoko, uya kubona ulwakhiwo olunee-arch ze-mitral, izitena eziveziweyo ezidityaniswe neethayile ze-ceramic kunye ne-dome-shape okanye itempile.

UGaudí wayesele ethathe inxaxheba kuyilo lwe Ibhotwe laseSobrellano, kwidolophu yaseComillas ngokwayo. Kule meko, kwakuyikhomishini evela kwi-marquis ekhankanywe ngasentla, kodwa umakhi oyintloko wayekho UJoan Martorell kwaye indoda yethu yazinciphisa kumsebenzi wokuncedisa kunye nokuyila ifenitshala yangaphakathi. Nakweyiphi na imeko, ukuyibona kuya kukukhumbuza ngemisebenzi kaGaudí neo-Gothic.

UBodegas Güell, uGaudí usebenza ngaphandle kweBarcelona, ​​​​kodwa kwiphondo

Njengoko sikuxelele, Eusebio Güell Wayengomnye wabantu ababemncoma kakhulu uGaudí kwaye wayalela uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe. Umzekelo, ibhotwe kunye nePark Güell, zombini eBarcelona. Kuyabonakala ukuba, wayefunde malunga nomsebenzi we-Reus genius ekutyeleleni Umboniso weNdawo yonke eParis ka-1878 waza wayithanda imisebenzi yakhe. Isiphumo soku iya kuba yintsebenziswano eya kuhlala ubomi bonke.

Ngapha koko, wamqesha ukuba asebenze ngaphandle kweBarcelona, ​​​​nangona engaphakathi kwiphondo. Yimeko ye Güell Wineries, ifunyenwe kwi Sitges. Isakhiwo siphendula kwakhona kwi isigaba se-neo-gothic nguGaudí kwaye, malunga neemitha ezilishumi elinesihlanu ukuphakama, inemigangatho emihlanu. Nangona kunjalo, ezimbini ziphantsi komhlaba kwaye zinikezelwe kwii-wineries ngokwazo. Kodwa eyona intle kakhulu iphezulu, ebonisa uhlobo oluthile loggia okanye iporch-gazebo ngemibono yolwandle kunye icawa igqunywe yicanari.

Ekugqibeleni, inqaba yentsimbi kunye neetshimini ezininzi ezijonge empuma zisithsaba isakhiwo. Ngaphaya koko, oku kuncediswa nge kwindawo yokubeka iinjongo yohlobo olufanayo kunye nocango lwentsimbi olukhandiweyo oluxelisa umnatha wokuloba.

I-Crypt yaseColonia Güell

Kwakhona sifumana umsebenzi kaGaudí ngaphandle Barcelona, kodwa ngaphakathi kwiphondo layo. Kule meko ingaphakathi ISanta Coloma de Cervello kwaye, kwakhona, yayiyikomishini evela kusomashishini Eusebio Güell. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, umsebenzi womyili oqaqambileyo ugxile ngokukodwa i-crypt. Eminye imisebenzi yolwakhiwo yayingoogxa bakhe UJuan Rubio y Francesc Berenguer.

Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kokuthobeka komsebenzi wayo, i-crypt yeColonia Güell inayo ukubaluleka okukhulu ngaphakathi komsebenzi kaGaudi. Kuba ngomnye wemisebenzi yokuqala apho ngokudibeneyo ibandakanya zonke iinguqulelo zayo zokwakha. Ngokomzekelo, ukudibanisa kwesakhiwo kunye nendalo ejikelezileyo, i-catenary arches, unyango oluguquguqukayo kunye nolwelo lwangaphakathi okanye ukudlala ngokukhanya.

Oku kubonakala nakwi izinto ezahlukeneyo ukuba wasebenzisa. Ngaloo ndlela, i-basalt kunye namatye e-limestone, izitena ze-ceramic, iglasi, udaka kunye ne-Foundry slag. Kwaye konke oku kwenza yonke into ehambelanayo apho kungekho nqongophala yeenkcukacha zokuhlobisa ezifana, umzekelo, iibhentshi ezinamadolo.

Ukuqukumbela, sikubonise eyona iphambili UGaudí usebenza ngaphandle kweBarcelona. Kodwa kukho omnye onjengaye Indawo yokuhlala yaseCatllaras kunye Ngaba iigadi zeArtigas, zombini eLa Pobla de Lillet. Yiza ufumane yonke le misebenzi yomyili omkhulu waseCatalan.